1 FAM 500
Social and Scientific Functional Bureaus
1 FAM 510
BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR (DRL)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
(Office of Origin: DRL/FO)
1 FAM 511 ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR
1 FAM 511.1 Responsibilities
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Assistant Secretary:
(1) Reports to the Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights (J);
(2) Formulates and implements policies and proposals and provides policy counsel at decision-making levels on matters relating to the integration of democracy, human rights, and labor affairs into U.S. foreign policy. This includes the following:
(a) Country-specific strategies for promoting democracy, human rights, and labor;
(b) Democracy, human rights, labor, and rule of law programs throughout the world, including those supported by the DRL Human Rights and Democracy Fund (HRDF) and other foreign assistance programs;
(c) Collection of detailed information on democratization efforts and the promotion of, observance of, and respect for, human and labor rights outside the United States;
(d) Preparation of statements and reports required by Congress pertaining to democracy, human rights, and workers' rights practices in foreign countries and on the effectiveness of related U.S. Government programs;
(e) Review foreign assistance activities, including security assistance, and certain direct commercial sales [and foreign military sales], including those involving weapons, for human rights concerns;
(f) Participation in or interaction with the bodies and mechanisms of the United Nations and international organizations that involve human rights;
(g) Development and implementation of human rights-related visa restrictions and economic sanctions.
(3) Directs, analyzes, and evaluates issues associated with these matters. With available bureau staff and other resources, the Assistant Secretary sets priorities, and allocates resources toward the bureau’s highest priorities. The Assistant Secretary coordinates with bureaus and offices under the Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, as well as with other bureaus, agencies, and private groups regarding these responsibilities. The Assistant Secretary advises the Secretary on considerations relating to the development and implementation of relevant policies and programs. The Assistant Secretary ensures that such activities are designed and implemented in a manner which furthers overall U.S. foreign policy objectives;
(4) Is the focal point for liaison with other U.S. Government departments and agencies on democracy, human rights, and labor, as well as in any other areas or fields for which the bureau is responsible. The Assistant Secretary provides foreign policy guidance and coordinates with organizations concerned with relevant bureau programs, and the U.S. private sector. The Assistant Secretary makes recommendations to the Secretary and Director of Foreign Assistance (F) regarding democracy and human rights funding and compliance with Sections 116 and 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended.
(5) Represents the Department in international negotiations and on interagency policy groups and committees regarding matters falling within the bureau's responsibilities. This responsibility includes participating in U.S. delegations to international conferences relating to the functions of the bureau. The Assistant Secretary develops substantive positions and strategies in dealing with such matters in international organizations as they work toward defusing conflicts and promoting a common core of democratic values. Pursuant to delegated authority, the Assistant Secretary negotiates and concludes bilateral and multilateral agreements in areas of bureau responsibility.
(6) Maintains continuous observation and review all matters pertaining to human rights and humanitarian affairs (including matters relating to prisoners of war and members of the United States Armed Forces missing in action) in the conduct of foreign policy including:
(a) Gathering detailed information regarding humanitarian affairs and the observance of and respect for internationally recognized human rights in each country to which requirements of sections 116 and 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 are relevant.
(b) Preparing the statements and reports to Congress required under section 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.
(c)Making recommendations to the Secretary of State and the Administrator of the Agency for International Development regarding compliance with sections 116 and 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and as part of the Assistant Secretary's overall policy responsibility for the creation of United States Government human rights policy, advising the Administrator of the Agency for International Development on the policy framework under which section 116(e) projects are developed and consulting with the Administrator on the selection and implementation of such projects.
(7) Provides overall coordination and management of the bureau. The Assistant Secretary actively participates in the selection and recruitment of personnel to carry out the Department's responsibilities and ensures that personnel receive training as appropriate in the areas of democracy, human rights, and labor, and in general skills to strengthen their ability to work in these substantive fields. In coordination with the geographic bureaus and central management, the Assistant Secretary recommends the assignment of democracy, human rights, and labor officers to U.S. missions. As appropriate, the Assistant Secretary selects personnel to be accredited to international conferences and meetings related to the functional responsibilities of the bureau;
(8) Has substantive and coordinating responsibility for 1 FAM 510, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DRL); and
(9) Performs other responsibilities which serve to promote increased observance of internationally recognized human rights by all countries.
1 FAM 511.2 Authorities
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
Authorities for this subchapter include:
(1) State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(c)(2)), providing for the general authorities and responsibilities of the Assistant Secretary;
(2) Sections 116 and 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 concerning (i) the observance of human rights as a principal goal of U.S. foreign policy, (ii) the Annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, and (iii) U.S. security and military assistance programs (22 U.S.C. 2304 et seq., 2314, 2349aa-2);(iv) human rights and development assistance.
(3) Section 665 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act (FY 2003) concerning a separate Report on Supporting Human Rights and Democracy: The U.S. Record (Public Law 107-228; see also 22 U.S.C. 2151n(d) and 22 U.S.C. 2304(b));
(4) The Department of State Authorization Act (FY 2003) and the Foreign Relations Authorization Act (FY 2003) concerning the establishment and administration of the Human Rights and Democracy Fund (22 U.S.C. 2151n–2);
(5) The Freedom for Russia and Emerging Democracies and Open Markets Act (Freedom Support Act) of 1992 (Public Law 102-511) and the Cooperative Threat Reduction Act of 1993 (Public Law 103-160) concerning the provision of assistance to independent states of the former Soviet Union;
(6) Section 2 of the Export-Import Bank Act concerning limitations on the credit sale of defense articles and defense services provided by the U.S. Export Import Bank (12 U.S.C. 635(b)(6));
(7) Sections 231A and 239 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, concerning worker rights and limitations on Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) activities (22 U.S.C. 2191a(a), 2199(i));
(8) Section 620M of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2304) concerning restrictions on funding of foreign security forces (“Leahy law”; see also 10 U.S.C. 362;
(9) 8 CFR 208, concerning applications for asylum in the United States;
(10) Section 505(c) of the 1974 Trade Act, as amended, concerning worker rights practices;
(11) Section 534(b)(6) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 concerning strengthening the administration of justice in countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (22 U.S.C. 2346(c)); and
(12) 8 U.S.C. 1182, concerning human rights-based visa ineligibilities
(13) Other authorities, as appropriate.
1 FAM 512 prinCipal and deputy assistanT secretaries
1 FAM 512.1 Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary (DRL/PDAS)
(CT:ORG-553; 07-28-2020)
The Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary (DRL/PDAS):
(1) At the Assistant Secretary’s direction, develops and advises on policy formulation and action relating to democracy, human rights, and labor throughout the world. The Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary coordinates the preparation of the annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. The Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary coordinates policy with other U.S. government departments and agencies and provides policy guidance to regional bureaus and embassies abroad. The Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary meets with Congress, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector to explain and build support for U.S. policy. The Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary oversees U.S. government compliance with directives, legislation, treaties, and international agreements, as necessary. The Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary assesses and evaluates democracy, human rights, and labor developments as they relate to U.S. foreign policy interests;
(2) As designated by the Assistant Secretary, negotiates treaties, conventions, and agreements in areas of responsibility. The Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary participates in interagency negotiations and implementation efforts; multilateral organizations; bilateral commissions; and representations to foreign governments and at relevant international meetings; and
(3) Sets program goals and objectives and monitors and directs use of staff and other resources to achieve bureau priorities. The Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary supervises the Executive Director (DRL/EX), the Office of Global Programs (DRL/GP), and other offices and individuals as assigned by the Assistant Secretary.
1 FAM 512.2 Deputy Assistant Secretaries (DRL/DAS)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
In addition to the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, there are up to four other Deputy Assistant Secretaries who:
(1) Set program goals and objectives and monitor and direct the use of staff and other resources to achieve bureau priorities. The Deputy Assistant Secretaries supervise offices and individuals as assigned by the Assistant Secretary;
(2) At the Assistant Secretary’s direction, develop policy and advise on policy formulation relating to democracy, human rights, and labor throughout the world. The Deputy Assistant Secretaries assess and evaluate developments in these areas as they relate to U.S. foreign policy interests;
(3) Coordinate policy with other U.S. government departments and agencies and provide policy guidance to regional bureaus and embassies abroad. The Deputy Assistant Secretaries meet with Congress, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector to explain and build support for U.S. policy; and
(4) As designated by the Assistant Secretary, negotiate treaties, conventions, and agreements in areas of responsibility. The Deputy Assistant Secretaries participate in interagency negotiations and implementation efforts; multilateral organizations; bilateral commissions; and representations to foreign governments and at relevant international meetings.
1 FAM 513 special envoy to advance the human rights of lgbtQi+ persons
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Special Envoy for the Human Rights of LGBTQI+ Persons:
(1) As established by the Secretary, serves as the key Department strategist and focal point in the design, development, and implementation of policies and projects to support international efforts addressing the human rights of LGBTQI+ persons;
(2) Reports to the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor;
(3) Researches, analyzes, and provides options for positions and programs most likely to be successful in combating and ending violence, criminalization, and discrimination against LGBTQI+ persons and improving protection of their individual human rights. The Special Envoy integrates actions on LGBTQI+ persons with other diplomatic efforts to increase international respect for human rights;
(4) Represents the U.S. positions on human rights of LGBTQI+ persons in international discussions and public forums:
(a) Engages in discussions with foreign government officials and representatives of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) regarding the human rights of LGBTQI+ persons; and
(b) Establishes and maintains an on-going dialogue between and among the U.S. and the United Nations and other international or regional entities on this issue; and
(5) Provides input on the human rights of LGBTQI+ persons for the Department’s annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices.
1 FAM 514 Special advisor on international Disability rights (SAIDR)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Special Advisor on International Disability Rights serves as the senior-most disability rights expert at the State Department advising the Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor on all matters related to the rights of persons with disabilities internationally; and reports to the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary. The Special Advisor alerts the Assistant Secretary to opportunities for advancing existing policy, helps formulate new policy approaches, and serves as a key Front Office contributor to strategic thinking for the bureau in relation to the rights of persons with disabilities internationally.
1 FAM 515 SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE FOR INTERNATIONAL LABOR AFFAIRS (SRILA)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Special Representative for International Labor Affairs serves as the Senior Policy Representative to the Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor on all matters related to international labor affairs and rights; and reports to the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary. The Special Representative alerts the Assistant Secretary to opportunities for advancing existing policy, helps formulate new policy approaches, and serves as a key Front Office contributor to strategic thinking for the bureau in relation to international labor affairs.
1 FAM 516 SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE FOR RACIAL Equity and JUSTICE (SRReJ)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Special Representative for Racial Equity and Justice serves as the senior policy representative to the Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor ensuring that the Department is advancing racial equity and justice around the world and reports to the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary. The Special Representative works to advance the human rights of members of marginalized racial and ethnic communities, including indigenous communities, and combat systemic racism, discrimination, and xenophobia around the world. The Special Representative provides support for: bilateral dialogues; public diplomacy programs; technical assistance to U.S. missions and foreign governments; interventions, side events, and speeches at multilateral and regional summits and conferences; and issue-specific roundtables. The Special Representative leads and contributes to U.S. foreign policy formulation, guide diplomatic engagements, and shape foreign assistance efforts which elevate racial equity and justice to the international community.
1 FAM 517 Senior Advisor to the Assistant Secretary
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Senior Advisor to the Assistant Secretary:
(1) Serves as a senior policy advisor to the Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor; is conversant on the full range of policy issues relevant to the work of the bureau; and reports directly to the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary or Assistant Secretary. The Senior Advisor alerts the Assistant Secretary to opportunities for advancing existing policy, helps formulate new policy approaches, and serves as a key front office contributor to strategic thinking for the bureau;
(2) As directed by the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary or Assistant Secretary, shapes and shepherds special projects―in particular, high-profile, cross-cutting initiatives that involve contributions from multiple DRL components, other bureaus, interagency coordination, and liaison with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs);
(3) Works directly with the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary or Assistant Secretary to conceptualize, steer the production of, and serve as senior drafter, editor, or reviewer of the Assistant Secretary’s major policy addresses and, as requested, key bureau products, to ensure that they meet high substantive and presentational standards; and
(4) As directed by the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary or Assistant Secretary, represents the bureau at departmental and interagency meetings, and with NGOs, foreign officials, and others.
1 FAM 518 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR (OES-DRL/EX)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Executive Director of OES also supports DRL. See 1 FAM 545 for the services provided to DRL by OES-DRL/EX.
1 FAM 519 BUREAU OFFICES
1 FAM 519.1 Office of Policy Planning and Public Diplomacy (DRL/PPD)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Office of Policy Planning and Public Diplomacy (DRL/PPD):
(1) Provides concrete strategic planning support for and implementation of all Congressional, public affairs, and public diplomacy activities;
(2) Oversees the full range of Congressional activities for the bureau, including activities relating to legislation and formulation, presentation, and representation of the Department's democracy and human rights policies, as well as all bureau policies, to Congress. DRL/PPD also supervises the submission of reports mandated by Congress;
(3) Formulates and implements public affairs activities for the bureau, including speeches, interviews, press guidance, opinion-editorials, and Web content;
(4) Formulates and implements public diplomacy strategies to inform and influence foreign audiences and opinion leaders on bureau priorities, including through social media and exchange and speakers' programs; and
(5) Coordinates strategies and plans to inform key U.S. groups and opinion leaders on bureau objectives.
1 FAM 519.2 Regional Offices
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The regional offices:
(1) Continuously monitor observance of human rights and democratic practices in their assigned regions;
(2) Develop and implement policies on human rights and democracy in their regions. The regional offices formulate approaches and strategies to advance human rights and democracy, including country strategies, and provide policy guidance to regional bureaus and U.S. embassies abroad. The regional offices ensure that U.S. human rights and democracy policies and issues of concern are taken adequately into account in all bilateral relationships and are considered in decisions to provide foreign assistance, including U.S. military training and security assistance, assistance under the Millennium Challenge Account, benefits under the Africa Growth and Opportunities Act and other trade agreements, and other such assistance;
(3) Edit, revise, and prepare the annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and the Report on Supporting Human Rights and Democracy: The U.S. Record for submission to Congress and dissemination. The regional offices also assist the Office of International Religious Freedom (J/IRF) by reviewing drafts of the Annual Report on International Religious Freedom as they likewise assist the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons and other offices producing reports involving human rights;
(4) Interact with foreign government officials to highlight U.S. democracy and human rights concerns and build support for human rights and democracy;
(5) Meet with Congress, other agencies, the nongovernmental organization (NGO) community, and the private sector to explain and build support for U.S. human rights and democratic policy;
(6) Formulate bilateral policies and approaches on thematic democracy and human rights issues including elections, civil society, rule of law, the rights of women and the rights of members of marginalized groups, combating torture and other abuses and violations, and freedom of expression, peaceful assembly, and association.
(7) Furnish country-specific expertise on democracy and human rights practices to other bureaus and other offices within DRL to assist them in the performance of their designated responsibilities, such as processing of export licenses, implementation of sanctions and visa restrictions, vetting of security assistance, and development of programs to advance democracy and human rights; and
(8) Review the democracy promotion strategies of key U.S. missions and ensure that these missions devote sufficient resources to implement their democracy strategies.
1 FAM 519.2-1 Office for African Affairs (DRL/AF)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Office for African Affairs (DRL/AF) fulfills responsibilities listed under 1 FAM 519.2, as applicable to Africa.
1 FAM 519.2-2 Office for East Asian and Pacific Affairs (DRL/EAP)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Office for East Asian and Pacific Affairs (DRL/EAP) fulfills responsibilities listed under 1 FAM 519.2, as applicable to East Asia and the Pacific region.
1 FAM 519.2-3 Office for Near Eastern Affairs (DRL/NEA)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Office for Near Eastern Affairs (DRL/NEA) fulfills responsibilities listed under 1 FAM 519.2, as applicable to the Near East region.
1 FAM 519.2-4 Office for European and Eurasian Affairs (DRL/EUR)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Office for European and Eurasian Affairs (DRL/EUR) fulfills responsibilities listed under 1 FAM 519.2, as applicable to Europe, including the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
1 FAM 519.2-5 Office for Western Hemisphere Affairs (DRL/WHA)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Office for Western Hemisphere Affairs (DRL/WHA) fulfills responsibilities listed under 1 FAM 519.2, as applicable to the Western Hemisphere.
1 FAM 519.2-6 Office for South and Central Asia Affairs (DRL/SCA)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Office for South and Central Asia Affairs (DRL/SCA) fulfills responsibilities listed under 1 FAM 519.2, as applicable to the South and Central Asia region.
1 FAM 519.3 Office of Global Programming (DRL/GP)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024
In coordination with the regional offices and other offices of DRL, the Office of Global Programming (DRL/GP):
(1) Manages the Human Rights and Democracy Fund (HRDF), as well as additional programs funded from the Democracy Fund, Economic Support Fund, Assistance for Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia (AEECA) account, and other such appropriations as deemed necessary to meet DRL foreign policy objectives. The Global Programming Office prepares solicitations, manages the grants panel process, monitors the transfer and apportionment of funds from USAID or other sources to DRL, and works closely with the Office of Acquisitions Management (AQM) and DRL/EX to provide funding to grantees;
(2) Collaborates with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), other U.S. agencies, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) on democracy, human rights, and labor issues. Meets with and provides outreach and training to the (NGO) community and civil society organization (CSO) community regarding DRL grant policies and procedures;
(3) Directs and guides the bureau’s monitoring and evaluation activities to ensure responsible stewardship of DRL democracy and human rights programs. Manages the bureau’s Learning Agenda, which includes relevant research and evaluation questions related to democracy, human rights, and labor initiatives. Produces and disseminates evidence on the relevance and impact of democracy, human rights, and labor initiatives to DRL, other bureaus, the NGO community, and Congress.
(4) Responds to Congressional and OMB requests regarding DRL programs, funding, and priorities;
(5) Develops, maintains, and updates systems for the efficient retrieval of documents regarding the allocation, notification, transfer, and implementation of HRDF and other funds as necessary. DRL/GP also tracks the awarding of grants, maintains lists of grants and grants officer representatives, collects and records narrative and financial reports, and maintains the official HRDF and non-HRDF program files; and
(6) Designs, evaluates, implements, and monitors DRL democracy promotion and human rights programs. Provides guidance and assistance to other bureaus and the interagency community on democracy promotion policy and programs.
1 FAM 519.4 Office of Multilateral and Global Affairs (DRL/MLGA)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Office of Multilateral and Global Affairs (DRL/MLGA):
(1) Formulates and implements U.S. government human rights and democracy policies in multilateral, multi-stakeholder, and multinational forums, particularly the United Nations, Community of Democracies, Freedom Online Coalition, Open Government Partnership, International Code of Conduct Association, Media Freedom Coalition and the Voluntary Principles Initiative on Security and Human Rights;
(2) Anticipates emerging human rights issues in multilateral forums, working with other bureaus and agencies; takes the lead in developing policy options and approaches to governments with widely differing interests; and negotiates strategies to achieve U.S. goals;
(3) Coordinates with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and provides feedback to the OHCHR on field activities and technical assistance in cooperation with the Bureau of International Organizations;
(4) Takes the lead in developing appropriate multilateral responses to human rights emergencies;
(5) Develops, appraises, and implements U.S. foreign affairs policies, positions, and processes to further U.S. goals and objectives regarding Internet freedom;
(6) Develops, appraises, and implements U.S. foreign affairs policies, positions, and processes to further U.S. Government goals and objectives with respect to democracy promotion, good governance, anti-corruption, and civil society organizations;
(7) Coordinates involvement in and review by bureau regional offices, regional bureaus, and other interested offices, of individual claims for asylum in the United States and provides policy oversight to those offices for such actions; responds on behalf of the bureau to requests for review from the Department of Homeland Security or Department of Justice;
(8) Develops, appraises, and implements U.S. foreign affairs policies, positions, and processes to further U.S. government goals and objectives in the realm of business and human rights; and
(9) Develops, appraises, and implements U.S. foreign affairs policies, positions, and processes that further U.S. government goals and objectives with respect to the human rights of marginalized populations.
1 FAM 519.5 Office of International Labor Affairs (DRL/ILA)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Office of International Labor Affairs (DRL/ILA):
(1) Supports the Assistant Secretary in fulfilling the Assistant Secretary’s responsibilities to advise the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary senior staff regarding the U.S. Government's international labor diplomacy;
(2) Advises the Assistant Secretary and others as directed by the Assistant Secretary, regarding policies and initiatives promoting core worker rights, specifically the four "fundamental rights" identified by the International Labor Organization;
(3) Ensures appropriate application of U.S. laws, regulations, and policy on international labor standards in bilateral relations and in relations between the U.S. Government and international organizations;
(4) Initiates and advises policy approaches promoting the rights and interests of workers;
(5) Works with trade unions, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and U.S. firms to encourage respect for worker rights, in business operations and operations of suppliers abroad;
(6) Coordinates with other U.S. government offices and agencies in supervision of and provision for field support to labor officers abroad; and
(7) Supports the bureau's outreach efforts, including liaising with Congress, trade unions, the private sector, the media, and NGOs, on labor rights.
1 FAM 519.6 Office of Security and Human Rights (DRL/SHR)
(CT:ORG-646; 01-02-2024)
The Office of Security and Human Rights (DRL/SHR):
(1) Leads Bureau efforts to integrate human rights considerations into U.S. policies on international security engagement, security assistance, security cooperation, and counterterrorism, and represents DRL to the Department of Defense and other agencies on these issues;
(2) Coordinates with other Department offices and agencies, and undertakes diplomatic outreach to partner governments and civil society, to foster rights-respecting, accountable security forces;
(3) Serves as the State Department lead in overseeing the implementation of the State Department Leahy Law;
(4) Reviews human rights implications and ensures compliance with relevant U.S. laws and policies governing the transfer and sales of defense articles, systems, and equipment and sales of security technology;
(5) Works with other offices and bureaus to advance policies related to conflict prevention and response, atrocity prevention, and transitional justice;
(6) Leads bureau efforts to track and mitigate civilian casualties in armed conflict, by working with the Department of Defense and with partner security forces on training, investigations, and other elements of the U.S. government’s civilian casualty policy;
(7) Advances security sector assistance reform efforts by working with other Department offices and other agencies to improve the planning for and execution of security assistance, with a particular focus on the human rights and governance implications of such assistance;
(8) Advances policies and plans to end the unlawful use of child soldiers, including Department implementation of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act;
(9) Works with other offices and bureaus to implement the National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security, including the inclusion of women in the security sector and prevention of sexual and gender-based violence in conflict;
(10) Serves as the Bureau lead on integrating human rights considerations into the development of technology for military and security use;
(11) Serves as the Bureau lead on detainee issues, including relocating detainees from Guantanamo; and
(12) Coordinates bureau policy on human rights visa ineligibilities; and human rights sanctions including those under Global Magnitsky.